Following news of survival of some of the health workers who contracted
Ebola virus from Patrick Sawyer, Experts have said that some people are
able to survive the disease due to the workings of their immune system.
In fact according to research, some people have immune systems that will
prevent the disease altogether.
According to Vanguard reports:
“Doctors don’t know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no
specific treatment or cure for the disease. But studies suggest there
are some biological markers linked with a higher chance of surviving
Ebola,” the experts say.
In the view of Derek Gatherer, a Bioinformatics researcher at Lancaster
University in the United Kingdom, who studies viral genetics and
evolution, “when a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus
depletes the body’s immune cells, which defend against infection.
“In particular, the Ebola virus depletes immune cells called CD4 and CD8
T lymphocytes, which are crucial to the function of the immune system”,
Gatherer noted, arguing that “if a person’s immune system can stand up
to this initial attack — meaning their immune cells are not as depleted
in the first stages of infection — then they are more likely to survive
the disease.
“The patients that survive it best are the ones who don’t get such a bad
immune deficiency. But if the body is not able to fend off this attack,
then the immune system becomes less able to regulate itself”, Gatherer
said.
Another marker linked with people’s ability to survive Ebola is a gene
called human leukocyte antigen-B, which makes a protein that is
important in the immune system. A 2007 study found that people with
certain versions of this gene, called B*07 and B*14, were more likely to survive Ebola, while people with other versions, called B*67 and B*15, were more likely to die.
Some people may be resistant to Ebola infection entirely, if they have a
mutation in a gene called NPC1. Studies show that, when researchers
take cells from people with the NPC1 mutation and try to infect them
with Ebola in a laboratory dish, these cells are resistant to the virus.
Gatherer said in European populations, about 1 in 300 to 1 in 400 people has this mutation.
“But in some populations, this mutation is more common: in Nova Scotia,
between 10 and 26 per cent of people have this mutation. But the
frequency of this mutation in African populations is not known,” he
said.
Also giving an insight, Lagos state Governor Babatunde Fashola remarked:
“This is a virus that will run a maximum of 21 days. What we must do is
people who show some signs of illness should come in very early so that
we can continue to hydrate them, give electrolyte balance so that their
nervous system do not go into shock and wherever it is necessary to
provide antibiotics for patients; and their body can fight the virus
which
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